How to Use This Worksheet Work through the sections in order. Section A checks the ideas, Section B builds the calculation method, and Section C mixes everything the way an exam would. Use a periodic table and a calculator. Show every step of your working, use dimensional analysis, and let the units cancel so you … Read more
What a Mass Spectrum Shows A mass spectrometer sorts the atoms of a sample by mass. The sample is vaporized and ionized, the ions are accelerated, and they are then separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio, written m/z. A detector records how many ions arrive at each value of m/z. The result is a mass … Read more
The Mole: Counting Particles You Cannot See Atoms and molecules are far too small to count one by one, yet chemistry constantly needs to know how many of them are reacting. The mole solves this by counting particles in bulk. One mole of any substance contains exactly 6.022 × 10²³ representative particles. This fixed number … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.7 with this free practice quiz. Test your understanding of molecular geometry, bond angles, and orbital hybridization to maximize your AP score. From a Lewis Diagram to a Three Dimensional Structure A Lewis diagram is flat, but a molecule is not. VSEPR theory turns the diagram into a three dimensional … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.6 with this free practice quiz. Test your understanding of resonance structures and use formal charge calculations to determine the most stable molecular arrangement. When One Lewis Diagram Is Not Enough Some species cannot be represented honestly by a single Lewis diagram. Draw carbonate, CO₃²⁻, by the Topic 2.5 sequence … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.5 with this free practice quiz. Test your ability to draw accurate Lewis electron-dot structures and obey the octet rule to maximize your AP score. What a Lewis Diagram Shows A Lewis diagram is a map of the valence electrons in a molecule or polyatomic ion. Every valence electron the … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.4 with this free practice quiz. Test your understanding of the electron sea model, interstitial alloys, and substitutional alloys to maximize your AP score. The Electron Sea Model A solid metal is a regular lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized valence electrons. Each metal atom … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.3 with this free practice quiz. Test your understanding of crystal lattices, ionic radii, and cleavage planes to maximize your AP score. The Ionic Lattice An ionic solid is not a collection of separate molecules. The ions pack into a crystal lattice: a regular, repeating three dimensional arrangement that extends … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.2 with this free practice quiz. Test your understanding of potential energy diagrams, bond length, and bond energy to maximize your AP score. The Potential Energy Curve Bring two atoms slowly toward each other and track the potential energy of the pair. Far apart, they barely interact and the energy … Read more
Prepare for AP Chemistry Topic 2.1 with this free practice quiz. Test your understanding of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, and how electronegativity differences determine bond character to maximize your AP score. Why Bonds Form At All Atoms bond because the bonded arrangement has lower potential energy than the separated atoms. Electrons and nuclei arrange … Read more